The Importance of Gastrointestinal Cancer Screening

In the evolving world of medicine, proactive steps often determine the outcome of health concerns. One area that has seen a marked increase in attention is gastrointestinal cancer screening. 

Our gut is a vast system, and, like any other part of our body, it’s susceptible to diseases. While discussions about cancer are often shrouded in fear, equipping oneself with knowledge about early detection can be a game-changer. 

This article sheds light on some major gastrointestinal cancers, their early signs, and methods of detection.

Types of Gastrointestinal Cancers

The gastrointestinal system, which includes organs from our mouth to the end of the rectum, plays an essential role in digesting food, absorbing nutrients, and ridding the body of waste. Regrettably, it’s also a site where various cancers can manifest. Three of the most prevalent gastrointestinal cancers — colorectal, stomach, and oesophageal — have become significant health concerns, especially in Singapore.

Let’s delve deeper into these cancers and explore their impact on Singapore’s population.

Colorectal Cancer

Overview: Colorectal cancer encompasses cancers that occur in the colon and the rectum. While it often begins as noncancerous polyps, over time, these can develop into cancers. It’s pivotal to screen for polyps because their removal can prevent the onset of this cancer.

Situation: Colorectal cancer is particularly alarming in Singapore. It tops the list of cancers among Singaporean men and ranks second for Singaporean women. Every year, approximately 1,500 Singaporeans are diagnosed with colorectal cancer, and over 900 lives are lost to it.

Stomach (Gastric) Cancer

Overview: Gastric cancer, commonly known as stomach cancer, originates from the cells lining the stomach. It typically develops slowly, which means early detection can be a challenge. Over time, it may spread to other parts of the body, making treatment more complex.

Situation:Stomach cancer stands as one of the top five cancer types affecting Singaporeans. Every year, over 600 new cases are diagnosed. Sadly, many of these cases are detected in the advanced stages, leading to a high mortality rate.

Oesophageal Cancer

Overview: This cancer starts in the oesophagus, the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. It can emerge anywhere along the length of the oesophagus. Risk factors include prolonged acid reflux, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and certain dietary factors.

Situation: While oesophageal cancer is less prevalent than colorectal and stomach cancers in Singapore, it still poses a considerable health risk. Annually, approximately 200 Singaporeans are diagnosed with this cancer. It’s more common in men, with most cases occurring in those aged 45 and above.

These statistics underscore the pressing need for early detection, comprehensive public health campaigns, and robust healthcare services tailored to gastrointestinal cancers in Singapore. With a rising number of cases each year, awareness and preventive measures become paramount.

Early Signs of Gastrointestinal Cancer

Early detection can make all the difference in treatment efficacy and recovery chances for gastrointestinal cancers. Recognising the initial symptoms means one can take timely action. However, it’s worth noting that these symptoms can also indicate conditions other than cancer, but it’s always wise to consult with a medical professional if you experience them. Below, we’ve listed early signs associated with some of the most common gastrointestinal cancers:

Colorectal Cancer

• Changes in bowel habits lasting more than a few days, such as diarrhoea or constipation
• A feeling that the bowel doesn’t fully empty after a bowel movement
• Bright or dark red blood in stools
• Persistent abdominal discomfort, including gas, cramps, or pain
• Unexplained fatigue or weight loss
• Iron-deficiency anaemia

Stomach (Gastric) Cancer

• Persistent indigestion or heartburn
• Frequent burping or belching
• Feeling full quickly even after small meals
• Discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen
• Persistent nausea, sometimes accompanied by vomiting
• Vomiting blood or having blood in the stools, leading to black, tarry stools

Oesophageal Cancer

• Difficulty or pain when swallowing
• Persistent heartburn or acid reflux
• Unexpected weight loss
• Chest pain, pressure, or burning
• Persistent cough or hoarseness of voice
• Regurgitating food or saliva

It’s essential to listen to your body and seek medical advice when something feels off and that is where regular check-ups, a balanced diet, and a healthy lifestyle can aid in staving off potential health concerns.

Early Detection Screening

In the battle against cancer, timing is everything. Early detection is a lifesaver before the disease spreads or becomes more complex to treat. Screening tests designed to identify signs of cancers in individuals who don’t exhibit symptoms, are invaluable tools. 

They help pinpoint potential issues, ensure prompt treatment, and considerably increase the chances of positive outcomes. Let’s delve deeper into the screening methods commonly used to detect the major gastrointestinal cancers:

Colorectal Cancer

Colonoscopy: This procedure utilises a long, flexible tube equipped with a camera on its end, inserted into the rectum to inspect the entire colon. It can detect polyps (and remove them) or cancerous cells.

Faecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT): A non-invasive test, FOBT identifies invisible (occult) blood in one’s stool. Presence of blood might indicate polyps or cancer.

Flexible Sigmoidoscopy: Much like a colonoscopy, but this test examines only a portion of the colon, specifically the sigmoid colon.

Stomach (Gastric) Cancer

Gastroscopy: An upper GI endoscopy involves inserting a thin, flexible tube with a camera through the mouth to inspect the stomach’s lining. It can spot ulcers, tumours, and areas of inflammation or bleeding

Urea Breath Test: Particularly useful in detecting Helicobacter pylori infection, a known cause of stomach cancer. It measures specific gases in one’s breath after consuming a urea solution.

Blood Tests: Used to check for the presence of certain proteins (tumour markers) that might indicate stomach cancer.

Oesophageal Cancer

Barium Swallow: This X-ray test involves the patient swallowing a liquid containing the chemical barium, which coats the oesophagus. This coating makes it easier to view any abnormalities on the X-ray.

Gastroscopy: Similar to how stomach cancer can be detected, a thin tube with a light and camera is inserted down the throat to inspect the inside of the oesophagus. It can also obtain tissue samples for biopsy.

Endoscopic Ultrasound: This involves an endoscope fitted with an ultrasound device. It’s used to determine how deeply the cancer has invaded the oesophagus wall and if it has spread to nearby structures or lymph nodes.

While these screenings are invaluable, it’s equally crucial to consult with a healthcare professional about the right time to begin these tests and the frequency at which they should be done. Tailoring the screenings based on individual risk factors ensures optimal health monitoring.

Conclusion

While cancer is a daunting word, understanding its signs and the tools for early detection can save lives. Remember, the earlier a gastrointestinal cancer is detected, the higher the chance of successful treatment and recovery. 

It’s crucial not only to be informed but also to take proactive steps for our health. So, if any of these symptoms resonate or if you believe you’re at risk, don’t hesitate. It’s time to prioritise your health. 

Reach out today to G&L Surgical Clinic to schedule a screening appointment.